Albert Camus And Kierkegaard on Existential Isolation to Indonesia Citizen
Abstrak
Isolasi eksistensial telah menjadi masalah yang menimbulkan kecemasan. Isolasi eksistensial adalah istilah akademis untuk percabangan dalam tiga bidang ilmu yaitu fenomenologi, psikologi humanistik, dan eksistensialisme. Ketiga bidang tersebut berada dalam ranah filsafat. Isolasi eksistensial dalam fenomenologi berfokus pada pengalaman langsung individu dan pemahaman pribadi tentang realitas sebagai subjek utama yang patut diperhatikan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksistensial-fenomenologis dengan menyelidiki modus eksistensi manusia dalam situasi pandemi. Studi tentang isolasi eksistensial diilustrasikan oleh dua tokoh, Rieux dan Paneleux, dalam novel Albert Camus, La Peste. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah (1) makna isolasi eksistensial adalah kecemasan dan ketakutan akan kematian; (2) isolasi eksistensial Camus terdapat pada Rieux dan Paneloux saat menyaksikan kematian dan kemudian mengalami kesendirian. Isolasi eksistensial Kierkegaard terdapat pada pengalaman masa kecil saat ayahnya memberikan contoh kehidupan yang tidak bermoral dan pembatalan pertunangan dengan Regine Olsen; (3) penjajaran pemikiran Camus dan Kierkegaard untuk warga negara Indonesia terdapat pada gagasan subjektivitas, vitalitas kehidupan, dan komunikasi. Rekomendasi dari penelitian ini berlabuh pada etika kepedulian di era pandemi.
Referensi
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Chinazzi, M., Davis, J. T., Ajelli, M., Gioannini, C., Litvinova, M., Merler, S., Pastore y Piontti, A., Mu, K., Rossi, L., Sun, K., Viboud, C., Xiong, X., Yu, H., Elizabeth Halloran, M., Longini, I. M., & Vespignani, A. (2020). The effect of travel restrictions on the spread of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak. Science, 368(6489), 395–400. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aba9757
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Curtis, J. L. (1975). Albert Camus as Anti-existentialist. Kentucky Romance Quarterly, 22(1), 111–123. https://doi.org/10.1080/03648664.1975.9928084
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Ice, T. (2015). Does Paneloux Lose Faith? Rethinking the Relationship Between Belief and Action in Camus’ The Plague. Auslegung: A Journal of Philosophy. https://doi.org/10.17161/ajp.1808.9666
Jankofsky, K. P., & Stuecher, U. H. (1984). Altruism: Reflections on a Neglected Aspect in Death Studies. OMEGA-Journal of Death and Dying, 14(4), 335–353. https://doi.org/10.2190/4G02-0AFL-GC2G-63K7
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Kierkegaard, Soren. (2009). Concluding Unscientific Postscript. In A. Hannay (Ed.), Cambridge University Press. Cambridge University Press.
Kierkegaard, Søren. (1939). The Point of View for My Works as an Author (W. Lowrie (Ed.)). Oxford University Press.
Lahiri, R. (2016). The people and the Wayang by Franz Magnis Suseno: translation and introduction by Verena H. Meyer. International Journal of Dharma Studies, 4(11). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40613-016-0035-7
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Margerrison, C. (2011). Albert Camus: Elements of a Life. French Studies, 65(2), 268. https://doi.org/10.1093/fs/knr048
May, R. (1996). The meaning of anxiety. W. W. Norton & Company.
McNew, D. T. (2021). Exploring the Relationships Between Existential Isolation, I-Sharing, and Self-Compassion: A Correlational and Experimental Study (Doctoral dissertation, Indiana University of Pennsylvania).
Morens, D. M., Folkers, G. K., & Fauci, A. S. (2009). What is a pandemic? Journal of Infectious Diseases, 200(7), 1018–1021. https://doi.org/10.1086/644537
Osler, L. (2022). “An illness of isolation, a disease of disconnection”: Depression and the erosion of we-experiences. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 928186.
Reynolds, J. (2014). Understanding Existentialism. London & New York: Routledge.
Rosedale, M. (2007). Loneliness: An Exploration of Meaning. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, 13(4), 201–209. https://doi.org/10.1177/1078390307306617
Singh, R. P., Javaid, M., Kataria, R., Tyagi, M., Haleem, A., & Suman, R. (2020). Significant applications of virtual reality for COVID-19 pandemic. Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research and Reviews, 14(4), 661–664. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2020.05.011
Soderquist, K. B. (2014). The Isolated Self: Truth and Untruth in Søren Kierkegaard’s on the Concept of Irony. In Museum Tusculanum Press. Museum Tusculanum Press.
Sønderby, L. C., & Wagoner, B. (2013). Loneliness: An integrative approach. Journal of Integrated Social Sciences, 3(1), 1–29.
Srigley, R. D. (2011). Albert Camus’ Critique of Modernity. University of Missouri Press.
Suliswanto, S. W. (2020). Gerakan Sosial Atasi Dampak Ekonomi COVID-19. Arsip Publikasi Ilmiah Biro Administrasi Akademik.
Yalom, I. D. (1980). Existential psychotherapy. Basic Books Inc.
Berenskoetter, F. (2020). Anxiety, time, and agency. International Theory, 12(2), 273-290.
Berry-Smith, S. F. (2012). Death, freedom, isolation and meaninglessness and the existential psychotherapy of Irvin D. Yalom (Doctoral dissertation, Auckland University of Technology).
Berthold, D. (2013). Kierkegaard and Camus: Either/or? International Journal for Philosophy of Religion, 73(2). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11153-013-9400-y
Camus, A. (1947). La Peste. Gallimard.
Chinazzi, M., Davis, J. T., Ajelli, M., Gioannini, C., Litvinova, M., Merler, S., Pastore y Piontti, A., Mu, K., Rossi, L., Sun, K., Viboud, C., Xiong, X., Yu, H., Elizabeth Halloran, M., Longini, I. M., & Vespignani, A. (2020). The effect of travel restrictions on the spread of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak. Science, 368(6489), 395–400. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aba9757
Copleston, F. C. (1948). Existentialism. Philosophy, 23(84), 19–37. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031819100065955
Curtis, J. L. (1975). Albert Camus as Anti-existentialist. Kentucky Romance Quarterly, 22(1), 111–123. https://doi.org/10.1080/03648664.1975.9928084
Daigle, C. (2017). Authenticity and Distantiation from Oneself: An Ethico-Political Problem. SubStance, 46(1), 55–68. https://doi.org/10.3368/ss.46.1.55
Dawkins, R. (1981). In Defence of Selfish Genes. Philosophy. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031819100050580
Decarvalho, R. J. (2000). The Growth Hypothesis and Self-Actualization: An Existential Alternative. Humanistic Psychologist, 28(1–3), 59–66. https://doi.org/10.1080/08873267.2000.9976982
Earnshaw, S. (2006). Existentialism: A guide for the perplexed. Bloomsbury Publishing.
Fox-Muraton, M. (2021). Is there a Good Life where Others are in Chains? Camus and Kierkegaard. International Journal on Humanistic Ideology, 11(2), 7-37.
Gibson, G. (2019). The Phenomenon of Anxiety: Exploring Pathology Through Medicine, Psychology, and Existentialism. Quod Erat Demonstrandum.
Gilligan, C., Ward, J. V., Taylor, J. M., & Bardige, B. (Ed.). (1990). Mapping the Moral Domain: A Contribution of Women’s Thinking to Psychological Theory and Education. Harvard University Press.
Golomb, J. (1995). In Search of Authenticity : Existentialism from Kierkegaard to Camus. Routledge.
Grene, M. (1952). Authenticity: An existential virtue. Ethics, 62(4), 266-274.
Gultom, A. F. (2016). Enigma Kejahatan dalam Sekam Filsafat Ketuhanan. Intizar, 22(1), 23. https://doi.org/10.19109/intizar.v22i1.542
Hannay, A. (2000). Kierkegaard and what we mean by “philosophy.” International Journal of Philosophical Studies, 8(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/096725500341693
Hasan, H. (2022). Association Between Societal Isolation and the Subject of Mental Health. Social Science Journal for Advanced Research, 2(6), 9-14.
Helm, P. J., Greenberg, J., Park, Y. C., & Pinel, E. C. (2019). Feeling alone in your subjectivity: Introducing the state trait existential isolation model (STEIM). Journal of Theoretical Social Psychology, 3(3), 146-157.
Helm, P. J., Medrano, M. R., Allen, J. J., & Greenberg, J. (2020). Existential isolation, loneliness, depression, and suicide ideation in young adults. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 39(8), 641-674.
Ice, T. (2015). Does Paneloux Lose Faith? Rethinking the Relationship Between Belief and Action in Camus’ The Plague. Auslegung: A Journal of Philosophy. https://doi.org/10.17161/ajp.1808.9666
Jankofsky, K. P., & Stuecher, U. H. (1984). Altruism: Reflections on a Neglected Aspect in Death Studies. OMEGA-Journal of Death and Dying, 14(4), 335–353. https://doi.org/10.2190/4G02-0AFL-GC2G-63K7
Jenkins, R. (2008). Social Identity: Third Edition. Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group.
Kierkegaard, Soren. (2009). Concluding Unscientific Postscript. In A. Hannay (Ed.), Cambridge University Press. Cambridge University Press.
Kierkegaard, Søren. (1939). The Point of View for My Works as an Author (W. Lowrie (Ed.)). Oxford University Press.
Lahiri, R. (2016). The people and the Wayang by Franz Magnis Suseno: translation and introduction by Verena H. Meyer. International Journal of Dharma Studies, 4(11). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40613-016-0035-7
Lee, S. A., Jobe, M. C., Mathis, A. A., & Gibbons, J. A. (2020). Incremental validity of coronaphobia: Coronavirus anxiety explains depression, generalized anxiety, and death anxiety. Journal of anxiety disorders, 74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102268
Margerrison, C. (2011). Albert Camus: Elements of a Life. French Studies, 65(2), 268. https://doi.org/10.1093/fs/knr048
May, R. (1996). The meaning of anxiety. W. W. Norton & Company.
McNew, D. T. (2021). Exploring the Relationships Between Existential Isolation, I-Sharing, and Self-Compassion: A Correlational and Experimental Study (Doctoral dissertation, Indiana University of Pennsylvania).
Morens, D. M., Folkers, G. K., & Fauci, A. S. (2009). What is a pandemic? Journal of Infectious Diseases, 200(7), 1018–1021. https://doi.org/10.1086/644537
Osler, L. (2022). “An illness of isolation, a disease of disconnection”: Depression and the erosion of we-experiences. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 928186.
Reynolds, J. (2014). Understanding Existentialism. London & New York: Routledge.
Rosedale, M. (2007). Loneliness: An Exploration of Meaning. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, 13(4), 201–209. https://doi.org/10.1177/1078390307306617
Singh, R. P., Javaid, M., Kataria, R., Tyagi, M., Haleem, A., & Suman, R. (2020). Significant applications of virtual reality for COVID-19 pandemic. Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research and Reviews, 14(4), 661–664. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2020.05.011
Soderquist, K. B. (2014). The Isolated Self: Truth and Untruth in Søren Kierkegaard’s on the Concept of Irony. In Museum Tusculanum Press. Museum Tusculanum Press.
Sønderby, L. C., & Wagoner, B. (2013). Loneliness: An integrative approach. Journal of Integrated Social Sciences, 3(1), 1–29.
Srigley, R. D. (2011). Albert Camus’ Critique of Modernity. University of Missouri Press.
Suliswanto, S. W. (2020). Gerakan Sosial Atasi Dampak Ekonomi COVID-19. Arsip Publikasi Ilmiah Biro Administrasi Akademik.
Yalom, I. D. (1980). Existential psychotherapy. Basic Books Inc.
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2023-11-30
##submission.howToCite##
Gultom, A. (2023). Albert Camus And Kierkegaard on Existential Isolation to Indonesia Citizen. Sophia Dharma: Jurnal Filsafat, Agama Hindu, Dan Masyarakat, 6(2), 43-62. Diambil dari https://www.e-journal.iahn-gdepudja.ac.id/index.php/SD/article/view/1308
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